The Issue of Protecting the Destination through the Green-Tourism

Question: Talk about the International Tourism and Hotel Management ? Answer: Introducation The article is about the Australias Great Barrier Reef that is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The creator says that the Great Barrier Reef is one of the vacation spot goals on the planet that gets around 2 million guests from around the globe every year. The creator provides details regarding a novel plan molded to bring down the impact of the travel industry on the worldwide most broad reef framework. Bruce underscores sin his article the way that the 2 300 kilometer length reef pull in sightseers that visit the various islands. The article gives the activities that have been taken to the goal in view of the travel industry segment to guarantee that it is ensured to expand the quantity of guests (Brace 2003, pp. 98). The article says that synthetic concoctions are dirtying the water and torment of crown-of-thistles starfish that has harmed around 20 percent of the individual reefs. This has started new activities to ensure the reef through the green-the travel industry battle. This suggests the travel industry has empowered the battle that apparently protects the reef to draw in more visitors later on. The creator says that the visit firms are screened to keep ensuring the spot. This has seen the goal increment the quantity of the guests going to the goal and expanded benefits. It is anticipated that the reef achieves A $ 1 billion every year. This has urged the administration to rehearse maintainable the travel industry as the ecological concerns. The issue of securing the goal through the green-the travel industry crusade and different activities is intended to dispose of the negative effect of the travel industry on the area. The area is one of the main traveler goals around the globe and should be ensured to build the quantity of voyagers. The article says that the reason helped by a novel arrangement of rules to help visit administrators to find jumping stages that will cause less natural harm and another chart book of waves. The chart book maps will help visit administrators to get data in regards to waves experienced on the reef during tornados, and search for proper locales for barges. The green-the travel industry crusade and different activities on the goal will assist with moderating the Great Barrier Reef to keep pulling in more sightseers. These activities are significant in guaranteeing that travelers appreciate the best when they visit the goal. This is an extraordinary article that has adequate data on the effect of exercises in the GBR on the travel industry area. Kragt, M. E., P. C. Roebeling, A. Ruijs. 2009. Impacts of Great Barrier Reef corruption on recreational reef-trip request: an unexpected conduct approach, Australian Journal Agricultural and Resource Economics, 53:213-229. The article discusses the Great Barrier Reef, which is the worldwide greatest coral reef biological system which is all around known for its stylish magnificence. The creators underscore the truth the goal fills in as an incredible environmental goal for some enterprises that works here of which the travel industry is the most critical. The data gave in the article rotates around the effect of the travel industry on the goal achieved by the Great Barrier Reef. Moreover, the creators give the advantages collected from the coral reefs that accompany the travel industry consistently. The article starts by focusing on the greatness of the Great Barrier Reef being the biggest coral reef biological system well known for its stylish magnificence. The creators state that the goal is vital for the travel industry on account of the advantages that it accompanies which incorporate financial criticalness. The creators state that the goal draws in more than 1.6 million visitors yearly and the travel industry area offers greater work that some other industry in the Great Barrier Reef goal. In any case, the article focuses on that the corruption of the coral reefs due to the silt brought by expanded horticultural movement in the locale adversely influences the benefits from voyagers. The creators attempt to gauge to what degree a decline in the nature of the Great Barrier Reef impacts the interest for recreational excursions by voyagers to the territory. The other data in the article is the connection between the wages and reef-the travel industry. This infers the creators e ndeavor to discover the impact of incomes on reef-the travel industry that will prompt improved advancement of powerful administration approaches in the goal to expand the quantity of vacationers (Kragt et al, 2009). The key thoughts of the article plainly identify with the Great Barrier Reef since it endeavors to investigate the connection between the impact of corruption of the coral reefs and the salary on the travel industry. This infers the creators accept that the debasement will liable to influence contrarily the nature of coral reefs that will influence the wages from the business. The proceeded with corruption of the coral reefs in light of the expanded farming exercises in the region is probably going to influence adversely the nature of these corals. This, thusly, will lessen the quantity of the vacationers visiting the goal as it is done engaging them. Subsequently, this will diminish the work and wages that accompany visitor (Kragt et al, 2009). This will adversely affect the travel industry that will influence the financial situation of the territory. The creators utilized the macroeconomic hypothesis to demonstrate that corruption has an immediate relationship to the nature of the reefs and monetary reasonability of the goal. The article is extraordinary in light of the fact that it interfaces the effects of the exercises in the Great Barrier Reef on the travel industry. Carr, L. Meldelsohn, R. 2003. Esteeming Coral Reefs: A Travel Cost Analysis of the Great Barrier Reef, Ambio, 32 (5): 353-357. The article investigates the universal, just as household travel to the Great Barrier Reef that will permit the estimation of the advantages that the reef offers to around 2 million visitors consistently. The creators feature the way that there are a few dangers to the current coral reefs in the GBR zone. They stress that there are a few advantages that accompanies the assurance of the catchment territory, particularly to the travel industry. All the more along these lines, the article features backhanded and direct expenses of the coral reefs by stressing travel costs. The key thoughts in the article are about the estimation of the movement costs related with guests that visit the zone for recreational purposes. The creators use request models to assess the movement expenses to discover the costs that are expected to gauge these costs that goes to the GBR zone. Travel cost strategy is the technique broadly used to appraise the expenses related with the travel industry exercises in the GBR district, which famous comprehensively. The article bolsters the need to help insurance and preservation rehearses in the territory to keep up coral reef wellbeing and supportable asset that will continue the travel industry in Australia. The creators state that the accounts from visitors visiting GBR territory benefits both residential and worldwide countries (Carr Meldelsohn 2003). The key thought of evaluating the expenses related with the advantages that is collected from GBR is significant in understanding the effects of the goal to the travel industry. This is ascribed to the way that zone has been the fundamental mainstay of the travel industry. The movement cost technique is fitting in this situation as accentuated by the creators since it advances the comprehension of the advantages of the territory. The discoveries from the article are significant since it will used to comprehend the district, particularly on the advantages from travelers visiting the territory. The discoveries of the article will be applied to attempt enhancements in the territory to support protection endeavors and pull in guests from universally and locally. Willacy. C. 2016. Incredible Barrier Reef coral blanching could cost $1b in lost the travel industry, explore proposes, ABC. Recovered on April 25, 2017. The article offers data on the impacts of kept fading of the Great Barrier Reef on the travel industry. The creator says this kept blanching could bring about the loss of around $1 billion in the travel industry division. The fading impact on the coral reef in the GBR will bring about the decrease in the quantity of the visitors visiting the goal prompting the misfortune in the travel industry income. The article underlines the way that the fading of the coral reefs of the GBR will cause a generous loss of the travel industry that will subsequently affect the monetary feasibility of the territory. The creator gauges the misfortune will result in about $ 1 billion, which was evaluated in the wake of looking over in excess of 3,000 Chinese, United States and United Kingdom guests and 1,400 residential visitors in the GBR zone. The creator gauges dependent on review results that there are around 175,000 travelers who hazard coming to Australia at all if the reef carries on to be faded and around 900,000 visitors are probably going to pick different goals. This will likewise bring about joblessness cases in the territory somewhere in the range of (39,000 and 45,000 occupations) (Willacy 2016). The key thoughts of the article identify with the article since it tends to the issue confronting coral reefs in the GBR region as one of the main visitor goal and that this will liable to influence the economy of the area. This implies vacationers are probably going to pick another goal other than GBR that have sound reefs. The articles key thoughts bring into viewpoint the effect of fading and that there is the need to manage the situation of environmental change and start different measures to spare the territory and guarantee that there is a positive exposure from the media. Hannam, P. 2017. Incredible Barrier Reef the travel industry set out toward intense occasions as coral blanching exacerbates, The Sidney Morning Herald. Recovered on April 25, 2017. The article says that the Great Barrier is

Globalization in Southeast Asia

Globalization in Southeast Asia One of the significant reasons for change in the countries and outskirts of Southeast Asia (SEA) would be the effect of globalization. Globalization advances expanding contact with other country states be it through web based life, monetary trade, governmental issues and numerous different regions. As of now, we get brings about the type of expanding collaboration through worldwide relations framework like ASEAN. In any case, globalization can change the fringes of the area through expanded participation as well as through expanded rivalry. In investigating how globalization change countries and fringes in Southeast Asia, this paper will likewise look at how globalization makes economies serious and this will change countries and outskirt by uniting SEA through monetary incorporation or result in the skirmish of economies. In the region of worldwide relations, we see globalization changing countries and outskirts of Southeast Asia through expanded local participation in the development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The foundation of ASEAN on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok during the center of the Vietnam War was an endeavor via SEA states to forestall intraregional struggle, and to make a voice for themselves in the more extensive Cold War arena.(Bennett) It additionally spoke to an endeavor at rethinking the individual country states similar to a piece of a provincial element. Globalization of the Cold War had made a requirement for neighboring country states to turn out to be more between subject to each other for national and provincial security and in doing as such, achieved expanded local collaboration and the formalization of it through the foundation of ASEAN. Notwithstanding, with relatively negligible danger to national security lately, the effect of globalization is as of late most noticeably showed in the zone of financial relations. Singapore is a little gathered nation in Southeast Asia that has been influenced by globalization. The nation is known for its tiger economies being the most open, exchange situated economies and home to more than 6000 Trans-national organizations making it an asylum for global speculators. (WriteWork) Singaporeans have a solid innovative capacity and utilizing their overflow of assets they can put resources into innovation and social administrations expanding their financial turn of events. (WriteWork) One significant thing to note here is that nations in SEA balanced and adjusted to globalization in various manners and this has brought about every nation being right now arranged at various phases of improvement. There was pressure because of water flexibly issues among Singapore and Malaysia. Malaysia guaranteed that the water flexibly that was provided to Singapore was come up short on and that Kuala Lumpur needed a sensible cost. Singapore dismissed the charges from Malaysia. On the off chance that this issue isn't appropriately comprehended military clash could touch off which harms the two countries. Singapore, which needs common assets, acquires half of its day by day water from Malaysia to keep up its developing population.(Agence France Press) This is one of the successive issues that has made rubbing between the states since Singapore got autonomous from the Malaysian Federation in 1965.(Agence France Press)In along these lines, globalization has changed the manners by which country states in SEA lead worldwide relations. That having stated, a stressing of connections between nations at various phases of monetary advancement isn't the main manner by which globalization has influenced Southeast Asian economies. On the other side, globalization has likewise realized expanded monetary coordination. For instance, the Brunei dollar is pegged to the Singapore dollar at a 1:1 proportion. (Go Currency) This is valuable for the two nations since they are significant exchanging accomplices. This shows a typical money, much like the Euro which was received by nations in the European Union, isn't negligible dream however a potential heading for the fate of SEA states. Additionally, we see instances of provincial participation where m onetary guide was given through ASEAN framework The 1997 budgetary emergency incited ASEAN to help its countries by encouraging quickens neighborhood money related collaboration. The ASEAN Vision 2020 which they propelled that year, pioneers set out to save macroeconomic dependability, to carry on progression of budgetary assistance divisions and to deliberately collaborate in cash, assessment and custom matters.(ASEAN) This shows globalization has additionally brought about expanded monetary incorporation as nations in the district become progressively mindful of a mutual destiny particularly as far as monetary development through the Asian Financial Crisis for one. Globalization has expanded cooperations among individuals and their thoughts from multiple points of view. Individuals are voyaging all the more every now and again and all the more generally. In late decades, relocation has gotten simpler because of diminished significance of geographic separation in deciding limits of work markets. This is the aftereffect of improved vehicle, and quick development of correspondence advances that its conceivable. Relocation is important for nations to make sure about the upsides of worldwide progressions of exchange and addition a relative preferred position over different countries. At the point when a country does not have a particular capacity, the simplest way fix it is to import it. (Ewers) The information on a countries workforce is a need since it turns into an item. As referenced numerous MNCs have headquarter focuses in Singapore. This empowers movement of profoundly talented remote laborers that give human capital towards the district. Taking all the above focuses into thought, regarding national and local economy, I propose two potential future bearings in which globalization can affect the countries and outskirts of SEA. One, globalization could expand rivalry prompting nations in the locale engaging it out so as to build up a financial preferred position over the other. For instance, generally speaking, that there is expanding rivalry on the financial level between Southeast Asia and China as destinations for assembling, light industry, data innovation and low pay rates.( Bersick and Pasch 21) An increasingly uplifting standpoint for the future would be expanded financial incorporation for the district. Malaysia and Brunei have consented to a respective collaboration in the oil and petroleum gas division. (Hoaxes) The Malaysian state-claimed oil and gas organization, and Brunei National Petroleum Company marked the Memorandum of Understanding. The MoU, affirmed the pledge to take two-sided relations to another phase of upgraded organization and communicated their shared want for the consistent and quick usage. (Brudirect)This is a dynamic activity taken by these two nations in the South China Sea to investigate oil assets. The two chiefs stressed that their expectations was to communicate the expanding level of exchange and speculation between the two nations would keep on quickening. (Brudirect) What we can securely finish up now is that the level of monetary participation that will create later on relies upon how firmly related national intrigue is to territorial enthusi asm for the perspective on the SEA governments. The more firmly related national intrigue is to local intrigue, the better open doors for local collaboration as confirm in the arrangement of ASEAN where provincial security was decided to be vital to national security. To be sure, with effectively settled structures like ASEAN, expanded financial participation doesn't appear unthinkable by any means. Later on because of globalization, Southeast Asian countries have a likely possibility at incorporation and solidarity through monetary methods. This can be accomplished through existing structures of provincial participation, for example, ASEAN which work as peacekeeping framework yet additionally underlines monetary coordinated effort with different nations. Using the European Union as motivation and as a venturing stone for Southeast Asia is an imperative system too. On the off chance that the Southeast countries could conquer their difficulties, on the off chance that they start to work among one another not exclusively will they structure comparative destinations and make common trust yet maybe construct an all-encompassing character.

What Is a Pack Year and How Does It Relate to Me

What Is a Pack Year and How Does It Relate to Me Addiction Nicotine Use Print What Is a Pack Year and How Does It Relate to Me? Pack Years are a Measure of Lifetime Exposure to Tobacco Toxins By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 22, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 Knaupe/E/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. A pack-year is a term used to describe the approximate number of cigarettes a person has smoked over time.?? One pack-year equals 20 manufactured cigarettes smoked per day for one year.   Examples of Pack Years Here are a few examples of how pack-years are determined. For the purposes of the calculation,  one pack contains 20 cigarettes. John smoked 10 cigarettes per day for 10 years.   1/2 pack  (10 cigarettes) per day x 10 years  5 pack-years Jane smoked 30 cigarettes per day for 26 years. 1 pack  (20 cigarettes) per day x 26 years 26 pack-years Plus 10 cigarettes (1/2 pack) per day x 26 years 13 pack-years 26 pack years 13 pack years 39 pack-years Chris smoked 40 cigarettes for 42 years. 2 packs  (40 cigarettes) x 42 years 84 pack-years What About Loose Tobacco? The pack-year calculation uses standard manufactured cigarettes, so what if you use loose tobacco to roll your own cigarettes or fill a pipe? The pack-year formula cant be applied to smokers using loose tobacco. Instead, a translation was derived by measuring the weight of tobacco in traditional cigarettes and relating it to loose tobacco.?? Even though there are some differences between the cigarettes you roll yourself with loose tobacco and manufactured cigarettes you buy in a pack, the American Cancer Society reminds consumers that there are health consequences to any type of cigarette you smoke.?? Approximately 1/2 ounce of loose tobacco equals 20 commercial cigarettes.   Heres the formula to gauge pack-years for loose tobacco smokers, who usually speak of how much they smoke in terms of ounces per week. Ounces per week × 2/7 × number of years smoked pack years Why Pack Years Matter Pack-years is one measure of lung cancer risk for smokers.?? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pack-years, age, and smoking history are used to determine whether an individual is eligible to be screened for lung cancer.?? However, there is some debate about the accuracy and usefulness of using pack-years as a risk assessment for lung cancer.?? For example, you might assume that a person who has smoked half a pack of cigarettes every day for 40 years (20 pack-years)  is at greater risk for lung cancer than someone who has been smoking two packs a day for 10 years (also 20 pack-years).   The assertion assumes that less smoking-related health damage occurs within the first 10 years a person smokes compared to the level of damage sustained after 40 years. However, research has shown that even occasional smoking has health consequences.?? While its not a perfect measure of risk, many researchers and clinicians feel that pack-years provide an important perspective on lifetime risk for smokers.?? Pack-years are a reasonable measure of the overall exposure smokers and former smokers have had to the toxins in cigarettes in their lifetime, but it isnt the only predictor of smoking-related disease. In addition to lung cancer, pack-years are one of several factors considered when assessing a persons risk of smoking-related cardiovascular disease and COPD. If you want to calculate your risk for lung cancer, the American Association for Thoracic Surgery provides a tool that takes several risk factors into account; the calculator can even assess your lung cancer risk if you have never smoked.?? Smoking Cessation Help Smoking cessation is a scary thought for many smokers, but its never too late to quit. Start by  learning about developing strong quit muscles, the supplies to have on hand when you quit, and nicotine withdrawal.

Essay on The Apollo Group, Inc. [University of Phoenix]

Case Study Analysis Report - Webster University – BUSN 6070 Instructor: Jonnie Green Student: Jacquline Wicks-Callahan Title of Case: The Apollo Group, Inc. [University of Phoenix] Case: Andrew: Case #7-1, Assignment # 1 Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to understand the University of Phoenix’s philosophy and business model to develop targeted plans to address identified issues. Introduction Apollo Group, Inc., was found in 1973 by John G. Sperling, PhD., in response to a need for a then neglected market of working adults, who were seeking higher education. Dr. Sperling, believed that rather than catering to the traditional student population age 18-22, he would create the University of Phoenix be run†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Improve program offerings by expanding instructor’s base. Recommended Solution †¢ Study other institutions that are set up to cater to similar demographic of students. Analyze and compare their best practices to University of Phoenix. †¢ Examine the inherent shortfalls in e-learning to students and the criticism levied against on-line education. Determine if these accusations have merit. †¢ Recruit tenured Professors from respected universities to create and facilitate on-line courses to help provide more credibility to the e-learning curriculum. Implementation Plan †¢ Form a committee to review the top ten Universities that offer on-line degrees to non-traditional students and assess their processes as compared to the University of Phoenix’s programs by October 2011. The committee will be required to provide their findings and recommendation for a process improvement plan to the Executive Committee members by December 2011. o Focus Areas: ââ€" ª Determine time on average faculty devotes to e-teaching. ââ€" ª Determine parameters for selecting faculty determine the faculty mixture i.e. how many tenured professors and how many working professionals make up the faculty roll. ââ€" ª Review Academic Programs and degree requirements. Summary University of Phoenix was designed to cater to working professionals; their curriculum was designed around working professionals asShow MoreRelatedDetailed Design Process1733 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigning the Frequent Shopper Program for Kudler Fine Foods, it is important to consider certain tradeoffs of the project, in terms of costs, the schedule of the project, and the performance of the system, regardless of which approach is chosen (University of Phoenix, 2012). 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Smalls Capella University Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Planning Strategically for Domestic and Global Environments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 5 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats†¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 7 Solving Problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.Page 8 Creating Value†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 9 Read MoreRiordan Manufacturing Human Resources Analysis986 Words   |  4 PagesRiordan Manufacturing Human Resources Analysis David Chavez BSA/375 October 14, 2010 John R. 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Woman in Combat Essay - 694 Words

The idea of women in combat is not unusual anymore. They should be able to hold combat positions beacause although physical strength matters, the military still needs the intelligence that women can bring. Also, banning women from the combat hurts their military careers. Although women account for only ten percent of the enlisted personnel (Time, 8/21/95/ Pg. 31), they are still a major part in the armed forces. Their performance recently has generated support from Congress and the public for enhancing the role of females in the military. During the Persian Gulf War, women were sent to the Middle East to fly helicopters, service combat jets, refuel tankers, and load laser-guided bombs. Their performance has led the world to realize that†¦show more content†¦In spite of their record as able combat personnel, there are laws and policies that restrict women in the United States Military from serving in positions that require them to engage in direct combat. Women in the Air Force and Navy are barred from aircraft and vessels that have a chance to be exposed to combat. The official, established policies of the Army and Marine Corps exclude women from combat (Snyder, pg. 75-76). These policies prohibit women, on the basis of gender only, from over twelve percent of the skill positions and thirty-nine percent of the total positions offered by the Department of Defense. Such policies excluding women from combat need to be repealed by Congress. The Fourteenth Amendments quot;Equal Protection Clausequot; insures every citizen quot;the equal protection of the laws.quot; Although the clause is not applicable to Federal government, the Supreme Court said the Due Process Clause in the Fifth Amendment prohibits the federal government from making unreasonable classifications. Therefore the set laws and policies that exclude women from combat not only violate the Fifth Amendment, but also deny women their fundamental right to engage and excel in their chosen occupation. There have been many court cases involving women in combat over the years, although there has never been a case directly challenging the constitutionalityShow MoreRelatedInspiring in the Article, Woman in Combat Zone by Leslie Marmon810 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In the Combat Zone† written by Leslie Marmon, is about how the roles of women have been taught for generations. Women are smaller and weaker, and that we are sitting ducks waiting to be victims by our prey. Women are taught to be easy targets by their mothers, aunts, and grandmothers. They were told that women should not kill, or use weapons. In this essay Leslie Marmon, explains that we can put a stop to the crimes done against women by strangers. Females must learn how to take aggressive actionRead MoreWomen During Combat Units With Their Male Counterparts1025 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in combat, a hindrance or the advance we need in our military combat units. Should women be allowed to be in combat units with their male counterparts? This is a topic of interest because discrimination is something that is vanishing as this country is learning to adjust to change. The fact that discrimination is making its way out of society is all the reason why women should be looked at as equal to their male counter parts. In the Article: Arguing For and Against Women in Combat in 1978Read MoreNearly One-Fifth Of The U.S Military Is Female, However1319 Words   |  6 Pagesnot eligible for women. Is it believed that women are not considered for front-line combat and Special Forces positions. Opponents argue that women are physically not capable of being effective for troops and would distract men making the military less effective. However women are fully capable of becoming troops the only thing holding them back is the stereotype that they are not physically capable of handing combat roles. Women in the military have changed drastically over the last few decadesRead MoreWomen During The United States Military1345 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning of the existence of the United States. I will make the argument, that women can and should be allowed to serve in combat roles, that are traditionally open for men only. Combat does not distinguish between the sexes. This is an important issue for everyone. The main reason, why women have never been allowed to be in combat roles, is because the sight of a wounded woman on the battle field makes for heart breaking image. It should not matter what the gender is, as long as they get the jobRead More Women in the Military Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch, my opinion changed. In 1948, Congress passed the combat exclusion law that prohibited women in the Air Force, Marines, and Navy to hold combat positions; however, the Army can assign these duties as they see fit (Schroeder). Some people assume that Americans are no t ready to see a woman wounded or killed in war; however, there are female police officers that are wounded or killed daily (Schroeder). How can we rationalize that a woman has the right to die protecting our local communities butRead MoreWomen Of The United States Armed Forces1213 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary, their placement in combat positions would prove to be a devastating mistake. The body of a woman is not made to brave combat positions, and placing women into positions dominated by men could create a hostile working environment. The atmosphere of battle is already heated, and placing more problems into the equation could lead to the unraveling of military effectiveness as the country knows it. Consequently, women should continued to be excluded from combat oriented positions in order toRead MoreWomen During The American Society Essay1309 Words   |  6 Pagesrole they would like to. Women in the American society argue that they could do anything that a man can do. However , some people think that there are certain aspects that make a woman a woman or a man a man. Women in combat is a controversial topic in the United States. Many people think that women should not be in combat because they can not perform the way a man could. In most cultures the men tend to be strong and fight, while the women are more nurturing or mothering (Conley, 284). The reasonRead MoreWomen Should Be Allowed For The Military Combat Just Like The Men1148 Words   |  5 PagesWoman should be allowed to serve in the military combat just like the men. The year 1994 was the year they banned women from being in military combat. Ever since January 2013 they have tried to find ways to lift the ban. In January 2016 they had to decide whether women should or should not be in combat. Women have performed in combat some have even died in defense of our county. The woman served regardless the problem. It was recommended by the marine corps to open up positions to women regardlessRead MoreEssay on Women in Combat1560 Words   |  7 PagesTherefore, the standards for enlisting in military combat positions are as high as possible to ensure that we can create soldiers that are effective as these â€Å"perfect-world† soldiers. There are obviously men and women who are not able to meet these standards, but there are definitely also men and women who are highly capable of meeting and/or exceeding these standards. While some individuals feel that the biological differences between men and women in combat would put our military at a disadvantage, evidenceRead MoreEssay Military Women Should NOT Be Allowed in Combat Positions1223 Words   |  5 Pagesshould be given the opportunity to serve in combat arms positions. Women are currently allowed to serve in combat support positions, such as military intelligence and air support positions, but they are not allowed to serve in positio ns such as infantry, armor, or field artillery. Many believe that it is time to open these positions to women soldiers and allow them to serve in the front lines of combat. Although women are currently allowed to serve in combat support positions in the military, women

A Brave New World Free Essays

Utopia means the idyllic state as first used by sir Thomas Moore as the title of his book in 1516 (Brave New World’s Barron’s Notes by Anthony Astrachan). The Utopia achieved by the world-state in Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World had a terribly High price. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brave New World or any similar topic only for you Order Now A price which, I think is not worth it. Their citizens live in as oblivious and ignorant kind of bliss in world that is free of war, fear, violence, disease and all the other draw-backs of living in the real world (Sybille Bedford, Aldous Huxley: A Biography, 1974, cited in Brave New World’s Barron’s Notes by Anthony Astrachan). The characters from Utopia in the novel do not even know freedom. They are happy and contented in their respective occupations and are satiated by spending their free time wallowing in pleasure even though they are all alike in each class and behave in much the same way as each other save for a few idiosyncrasies Uniformity is stressed and individuality becomes like a sickness and all characters who had even a minor difference from other citizens in the same class were cruelly crushed into either conformity or the final escape of death in John’s case. However, if the price of such comforts would be the ignorance of the existence of freedom, an idea that many countless people have died fighting for in the real world, I think Utopia is not worth it. A. Huxley did very well in highlighting this point. John’s suicide after seeing that his beloved joined the mob to watch him suffer is a great point at rejecting the idea of Utopia in the book. Even when John found a place where he could live with all the things that he thought were necessary, including pain, he was followed by a huge crowd which had come to watch him suffer. Seeing Lenina come to watch him whip himself causes him to kill himself. In the novel, Huxley plays with the idea of how technological advances would affect society. In Utopia, humans are grown in bottles. No one has a mother. Multiple copies of a single person can be made in one go. This is a very extreme way to highlight the author’s point, completely removing the â€Å"humanity† from humanity to the point that even the genuine personal bond of parent and child is removed. The achievement of stability is attained by keeping everybody in an artificial state of perpetual happiness and contentment.   Pain and grief is removed from the realm of human emotion thereby removing all the deep feelings we associate with the feeling of being genuinely â€Å"alive†. Citizens in Utopia are encouraged to be promiscuous. Anybody can have sex with anybody they want and vice versa. Family life and the formation of intense personal relationship are obliterated so that these cannot interfere with the stability of society. Love is non-existent. Anybody who’d date or have sex with a single person for an extended period is looked on as weird. I think that the author was successful at highlighting his point. His characters were only secondary to the ideas that he proposed especially considering the time and context when he propounded them. He makes me feel as if the novel’s version of Utopia is not far from becoming a truth. Today’s culture promotes the culture of almost mindless consumption, too much indulgence in pleasure and diminishing of the family. Technology is a result of human endeavor. It allows us to live in a better world with all of our modern necessities and comforts. In this book however, a different view is illustrated. While it acknowledges the former to be true, it declares resoundingly that the opposite is possible also. Technology also has the potential to wipe out the essence of humanity. It can wipe out genuine happiness, individuality, close personal relationships, deep emotions and family. References BLTC, Brave New World? A Defence of Paradise-Engineering, Retrieved on April 13, 2008, from http://www.huxley.net/index.html BLTC, Brave New World’s Barron’s Notes by Anthony Astrachan, Retrieved on April 13, 2008, from http://www.huxley.net/studyaid/bnwbarron.html BLTC, Brave’s New World’s Monarch Notes, Retrieved on April 13, 2008 from http://www.huxley.net/studyaid/index.html    How to cite A Brave New World, Papers

Music Appreciation (Test 3) Essay Example

Music Appreciation (Test 3) Paper What did Liszt create? Symphonic (tone) poem. Symphonice (tone) poem 1 movement orchestral work, flexible form. Program music Instrumental music associated with story, poem, idea, scene. Understanding the music enhanced through reading program or viewing associated work. Nationalism Music with a national identity. Exoticism Intentionally imply foreign culture. Characteristics of Romantic Music Individuality of style, expressive aims and subjects, nationalism and exoticism, program music, expressive tone color, colorful harmony How does nationalism manifest itself in music? They have to create an identity and they have to create that identity through folk songs and dances. Romantic composers Demise of the patronage system. Composers of the free artists (Beethoven). Loss of aristocrats fortune-wars. Urban middle-class audience. Many orchestras, opera groups and music conservatories found. Public captivated by virtuosity. Private music making. Piano in middle-classes homes. Erlkonig (the Erlking), 1815 by Schubert Is an art song. Same music through music composed. Says My Father, My Father and has a stomping horse. Art Song Composition for solo voice. Accompaniment integral part of song. Composers interpret poems, translating, mood, atmosphere, imagery into music. Strophic form and through-composed. Sometimes modified strophic form used (3 stanzas.) Strophic form Repeating same music for each stanza of poem (ex. hymn) Through-composed Writing new music for each stanza. Fraz Schubert (1797-1828) Born in Vienna, early Romantic period. Larger output (600 songs.) Aslo symphonies, string quartets, other chamber music, masses, operas, piano works. Robert Schumann (1810-1856) German, early/mid Romantic composer. Works intensely autobiographical and have descriptive titles, texts, programs. Gifted wroter and music critic. Piano pieces (10 years); 1840 (marries Clara Woeck): art songs. After 1840: symphonies and chamber music. Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896) German pianist; premiered works by husband Robert and friend Johannes Brahms. Also plauyed works by Bach, Mozart, Beethoven/ Important female composer (stopped at age 36.) Considered herself primarily performer. Wrote songs, piano pieces. Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) Polish born musician; to Paris at 21. Perferred intimate settings, not concert halls. Piano teacher to daughters of the rich. Pieces are exquisite miniatures. Mazurkas and polonaises-capture Polish spirit. Singing piano tone (pedals, ornaments.) Nocture (night piece) E flat major, Op. 9, no.2 by Chopin (1830-31). Slow, lyrical, intimate piece for piano. Note: expressive, emotional presentation with subtle shifts in tempo and dynamics. Tempo changes (rebato.) In the Romantic period what is used or spoke about? Nature, Shakespeares plays, fantasys and supernatural, etc. Expand and contrast in what period? Romanticism Etude in C minor, op. 10, no.12 by Chopin Study piece for left hand. Franz Liszt Hungarian composer, pianist. At 36, became court conductor at Weimar. Later wrote oratoriors and masses in Rome. New ways to exploit piano. Daring leaps, rapid octaves, run, dynamic range. Inspired by Goethe and Dante. Typifies romantic movement stupendous performer, innovative composer, charismatic personality. Transcendental Etude No.10 in F minor By Liszt. virtuosic piano piece. Difficult left-handed passages. ABA- coda form. Pianist Boris Berezovksy performing live at International Piano Competition July 2002. Non program music Called absolute music. Program Symphony Multi-movement orchestral work Incidental music For use before or during a play Hector Berlioz French, Mid-Romantic composer. Symphonie Fantastique (1830) started Parisians (autobiographical, orchestration, depiction of diabolical.) Unconventional music irritated establishment. Music journalist/critic. One of the first great conductors. Berliozs music Passionate and unpredictable (contrasts.) Imaginative, innovative orchestrations. Most works for orchestra (some add chorus, vocal soloists)- dramatic and programmatic. Symphonie fantastique (fantastic symphonie) By Berlioz. Program symphonie. Czech nationlism. The Moldau By Smetana. Symphonic poem depicting the main river that flows through the Bohemian (Czech) countryside. Example of nationalism in music. Note: Program material and how composer related to the music. Strongest impact in countries dominated by music of? Germany, Austria, Italy, and France. 19th century American music Americans embody Romantic characteristics. Unlike writers/ artists American composers look to Europe (Germany) for inspiration/instruction. Choral societies: 1815- Boston Handel and Haydn Society. Rural folk music. Secular music. Lowell Mason Reform American music (sound more European.) Hymn writer. Music education. Star Spangles Banner Written by Francis Key Scott during War of 1812. Patriotic music. Romantic text to British drinking song by John Stafford Smith. Minstrel show Most popular entertainment before civil war. Imitation of songs, dances, dialect of stereotypical African-Americans. James A. Bland First well-known black songwriter. Stephen Foster Composer of minstrel songs, songs about love, home. Nonsense songs; Oh, Susanna.MyOld Kentucky Home- Ky state song Concert music by Viruosis European soloists tour U.S. Jenny Lind.: Swedish song. Ole Bull: Norwegian composer/violinist. Louis Moreau Gottschalk American vituoso pianist, born in New Orleans. Studied in France (11 years); impressed Chopin. Most remembered for piano music. Le Bananier (The Banana Tree) Theme and Variations. 19th Century American music. 1798: United States Marine Band established. Americas oldest continuosly active professional musical organization. Originally 32 drums/fifes130 musicians today. Who comes after Smetana for Czech nationalist? Wagner New Earl Symphony Wagner Two Italian composers Puccini and Verdi Who did Brahms use to put his twist on things? Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn John Philip Sousa Violinist, father in Maine Band. Director of Marine Band 1880-1892, 5 presidents. Formed own band, toured, international reputation. American March King: 136 marches. Verismo (realism) Artistic trend in 1890s, ordinary people and true to life situations. Brahms 3rd Symphony: what is he known for? Lyrist and melodies La Boheme by Pucinni. Opera set in Paris. Act 1: Scene with Rodolfo (poet) and Mimi (seamstress). Love duet. Note; Dialogue is more realistic. Tempo shifts accentuate music and text. Richard Wagner German mid/late Romantic composer. At age 15, overwhelmed by Beethovens music. Famous as opera composer and conductor. Nationalist: wrote librettos on Germanic legends and myths. Larger scale operas (music dramas.) Die Walkure (The Valkyrie) by Wagner. Act 1: Love scene, conclusion. Note; Huge production, large orchestrations. Big powerful voices required. Secral leitmotifs (Valhalla, love, sword, spring.) 20th Century Developments Violence and prgress are hallmarks. Rapid technology and science advancement. Rapid, radical changes in arts. Shock becomes a goal. Modern dance; cubism, abstract painting. Contradictory styles/tendencies coexist. Characteristics of 20th century music Tone color is more important. Unusual playing techniques for sound effects. Glissando- rapid slide up or down a scale. Also flutter tongue, col legno, extended notes. Percussion use greatly expanded. New instruments added/created; noisemakers. Piano as percussion instrument. Less emphasis on blended sound. Unusual groupings of instruments in small ensembles. Harmony- harmony and treatment of this have changed. Rhythm- expanded, irregularity and unpredicatability, shifting meters and irregular meters. Melody- no longer tied to traditional chords, major/minor keys. Polychord Two traditional chords sounding at the same time. Quartal/quintal harmony tones are a fourth/fifth apart instead of a third. Third cluster chord made up of tones only a half step or whole step apart. Polytonality Use of two keys at once. Atonality Absense of tonality or key. 12 tone system Systematic approach to atonal composition. Equal prominence to each 12 chromatic tones. Ostinato Motive or phrase repeated persistently at same pitch throughout a section. Polyrhythm Two or more constructing, independent rhythms at the same time. French Impressionist Painting Concern with effects of light, color. Atmospher- with impermanence, change, fluidity. French Symbolish Poetry Perferred to suggest (symbolize their ropics. Basis for many impressionist musical works. Claude /debussy French Impressionist composer. Influences: Inspired by literary/pictoral ideas. Music sounds free/spontaneous, improvised. Impressionism: stress on tone color, atmosphere, fluidity in music. Orchestra used as pallet of sounds, not tutti. Expanded harmonic vocabulary, practice. Obscured harmony, tempo, meter, rhythm, form. Prà ©lude à   lAprà ¨s-midi dun faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun) Claude Debussy. Free illustration of a poem by Mallarme. Impressionist program music. ABA with continuos flow. Note: Use of solo instruments disguished meter. Extended harmonic style. Arnold Schoenberg born in Vienna, self taught musician. Teacher of Alban Berg, Anton Webern. Moved to U.S (UCLA) Schoebergs music 1908: Antonality. 12 tones used without regard to traditional relationships. Dissonances do not resolve to consonances. Sprechstimme. The 12-tone system. Antonality Music with no key center. Sprechstimme Vocal style halfway between speaking and singing. The 12-tone system Equal importance to all 12 tones. Pitches arranged in a tone row, series, pr set. Row is the source of every melody and chord. Composition is built by manipulating the tone row. A survivor from Warsaw By Arnold Schoenberg. Cantata for narrator, male chorus, and orchestra. Tells story of Nazi treatment and murder oj Jews in occupied Poland. Note: Sprechstimme- song/speech style12 tone technique, English and German text with Hebrew prayer, and Expressionist music and text-shocking. Anton Webern Born in Vienna, student of Schoenberg. Music riducled during lifetime, influential later. Atonal, then 12-tone composition. Melodies built of tone colors, atomized into 2 or 3 note fragments. Five Pieces for Orchestra Third Piece by Anton Webern. Note: Traditional melody placed by tone color melodies. Dynamics never get above pp. Less relying on expectation in what Century? 20th Romanticism, as a stylistic period in western art music, encompassed the years? 1820-1900 Which of the following is not characteristic of romanticism? An emphasis on balance and clarity of structures. Of all the inspirations for romantic art, none was more important than? Nature. Drawing creative inspiration from cultures of lands foreign to the composer is known as? Exoticism. Program music is? Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene. The deliberate intent to draw creative inspiration from the composers own homeland is known as? Nationalism. The orchestra in the romantic period was? Larger and more varied in tone color than the classical orchestra. A slight slowing down or speeding up of the tempo, characteristically employed in the performance of much romantic music, is? Rubato. Which of the following statements is not true? Romantic musicians often composed to execute a commission or meet the demands of an aristocratic or church patron. The composer whose career was a model for many romantic composers was? Ludwig van Beethoven. A very important musical part of every middle-class home during the romantic period was the? Piano. An art song is a musical composition for? Solo voice and piano. When the same music is repeated for each stanza of a poem, the form is known as? Strophic. When a composer writes new music for each stanza of a poem, the form is known as? Through-composed. Schuberts songs number more than? 600. Schubert was eighteen years old when he composed the song Erlkà ¶nig, set to a poem by? Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The form of The Erlking is? Through-composed. The Erlking, in Schuberts song of that name, is a romantic personification of? Death. The pianos relentless rhythm in Erlkà ¶nig (The Erlking) unifies the episodes of the song and suggests the? Galloping horse. How does Schubert portray a galloping horse in the piano introduction? Fast repeated notes. In the first section we hear the narrator describing the father riding on the horse, his sick child in his arms. Then after a brief piano passage, the father sings (beginning with the words Mein Sohn..) and is answered by his son. How does Schubert distinguish between father and son in the music? The father sings lower pitches. In this section we hear The Erlking sing for the first time. What is different about his music? All three are different. during the next section of the song you will hear the son cry out Mein Vater, Mein Vater three times. How do these three cries differ? Each is higher in pitch. In this final section the narrator tells the end of the story. We hear the horse slow down as the father arrives at his destination. How does the piano accompany the dramatic ending line In seinen armen das Kind war todt (in his arms the child was dead)? 3 chords. During the first ten years of his creative life, Robert Schumann published only? Piano pieces. Clara Wieck Schumann frequently performed the works of her husband and of her close friend? Johannes Brahms A leading pianist of the nineteenth century, Clara Wieck Schumann? Did some composing, but considered herself primarily a performer. Romanze (romance) in the nineteenth century was often used for a(n)? Short, lyrical piece for piano or solo instrument with piano accompaniment. Chopin expressed his love of Poland by composing polonaises and? Mazurkas. While in Paris, Chopin? Earned a good living by teaching piano to the daughters of the rich. Most of Chopins pieces? Are exquisite miniatures. A slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano, associated with evening and night time, is the? nocturne. A study piece, designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties, is known as? An etude. Which of the following statements is not true? Chopins piano à ©tudes, compositions designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties, are primarily technical exercises without much musical value. As a youth, Franz Liszt was influenced by the performances of? Niccolà ² Paganini. Until the age of thirty-six, Franz Liszt toured Europe as a virtuoso? Pianoist. Liszt abandoned his career as a traveling virtuoso to become court conductor at __________, where he championed works by contemporary composers. Weimar. Liszts piano works are characterized by? An unprecedented range of dynamics, rapid octaves and daring leaps, and arpeggios Liszt typified the romantic movement because he? Had a charismatic personality, was a stupendous performer, and was an innovative composer. Liszt created the ______________, a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. Symphonic poem. The Stars and Stripes Forever by? J.P. Sousa Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, I Dvorà ¡k. Adagio. Allegro Molto. Le Sacre du printemps, Part I, Introduction Stravinsky Concerto for Orchestra Bartok. A ____________ is an instrumental composition in several movements based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. Program symphony A ________________ is a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. Symphonic poem. The composer who developed the symphonic poem was? Franz Liszt. Music intended to be performed before and during a play to set the mood for scenes or highlight dramatic action is known as? Incidental music. In order to support his family, Berlioz turned to? Musicial journalism. Outside France, Berlioz enjoyed a great career as a(n)? Conductor. Berlioz was extraordinarily imaginative in treating the orchestra, creating ____________ never before heard. Tone colors. The contrasting episodes of Berliozs Fantastic Symphony are unified by the recurrence of a theme known as the? Idà ©e fixe. The fourth movement of Berliozs Fantastic Symphony depicts a? March to the scaffold. The citizens sense of national identify and patriotic feelings were intensified by? Romanticism, which glorified love for ones national heritage, common bonds of language, culture, and history. Also military resistance to Napoleon. Composers expressed musical nationalism in their music by? Using the rhythms of the dances of their homelands, using their national legends as subject matter, and basing their music on the folk songs of their country. Which of the following statements is not true? The strongest impact of musical nationalism was felt in Italy, France, Germany, and Austria. The founder of Czech national music was? BedÃ…â„¢ich Smetana. Even though Smetana was deaf at the time, he composed a musical work depicting Bohemias main river as it flows through the countryside. The name of the river, and the musical composition, is the? Moldau. Verdis first great success, an opera with strong political overtones, was? Nabucco. Critics were often scandalized by the subject matter of Verdis operas because they? Seemed to condone rape, suicide, and free love. Giuseppe Verdi mainly composed his operas to? Entertain a mass public. The soul of a Verdi opera is? Expressive vocal melody. Verdis later operas differ from his earlier ones in that they have? Less difference between aria and recitative, greater musical continuity, and more imaginative orchestrations. An artistic trend of the 1890s, in which operas dealt with ordinary people and true-to-life situations, was known as? Verismo. Some of Puccinis operas feature exoticism, as in his use of melodic and rhythmic elements derived from Japanese and Chinese music in his operas? Madame Butterfly and Turandot. Giacomo Puccinis opera La Bohà ¨me takes place in? Paris. In Puccinis La Bohà ¨me, Rodolfo is a young? Poet. Mimi and Rodolfo meet for the first time in La Bohà ¨me because she has come to his door to ask for a? Light for her candle. Who sings the aria Che gelida manina (What a cold little hand) in La Bohà ¨me? Rodolfo. The composer who had an overwhelming influence on the young Wagner was? Ludwig van Beethoven. The librettos to The Ring of the Nibelung were written by? Wagner himself. A short musical idea associated with a person, object, or thought, used by Richard Wagner in his operas, is called? Leitmotif. Valhalla, in Wagners Ring cycle, is? Wotans castle. At the end of the first act of Wagners opera Die Walkà ¼re, what happens? Sieglinde recognizes the stranger as her brother and renames him Siegmund, Siegmund draws the magical sword Nothung from the tree, and Siegmund embraces Sieglinde with passionate fervor. Which of the following statements is not true? Twentieth-century music follows the same general principles of musical structure as earlier periods. The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of? Igor Stravinskys The Rite of Spring. Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from? Folk and popular music from all cultures, the music of Asia and Africa, and European art music from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth century. In twentieth-century music, what? String players are sometimes called on to use the wood instead of the hair on their bows, percussion instruments have become very prominent and numerous, and dissonance has been emancipated. The glissando, a technique widely used in the twentieth century, is? A rapid slide up or down a scale. In modern music, what? Instruments are played at the very top or bottom of their ranges, uncommon playing techniques have become normal, and noiselike and percussive sounds are often used. The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as? A polychord. A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as? A tone cluster. To create fresh sounds, twentieth-century composers used? Scales borrowed from nonwestern cultures, scales they themselves invented, and ancient church modes. The technique of using two or more tonal centers at the same time is called? Polytonality. The absence of key or tonality in a musical composition is known as? Atonality. The use of two or more contrasting and independent rhythms at the same time is known as? Polyrhythm. Ostinato refers to a? Motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section. Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the? 1920s. The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menottis? Amahl and the Night Visitors. Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in? France. The most important impressionist composer was? Claude Debussy. Which of the following characteristics is not usually associated with impressionism? Clearly delineated forms. Debussys music tends to? Sound free and almost improvisational. Impressionism in music is characterized by? A stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity. A scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next is called a ________ scale. Whole-tone. The poem that inspired the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun was written by? Stà ©phane Mallarmà ©. The faun evoked in Debussys famous composition is a? Creature who is half man, half goat. The neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years? 1920-1950. Which of the following is not characteristic of neoclassicism? Misty atmosphere. Neoclassical compositions are characterized by? Forms and stylistic features of earlier periods. Neoclassicism was a reaction against? Romanticism and impressionism. Stravinskys life took a sudden turn in 1909, when he met the director of the Russian Ballet, which is who? Sergei Diaghilev. The immense success of Stravinskys 1910 ballet ________ established him as a leading young composer. The Firebird. The famous riot in 1913 was caused by the first performance of Stravinskys ballet? The Rite of Spring Stravinskys enormous influence on twentieth-century music is due to his innovations in? Rhythm, harmony, and tone color. During the period about 1920 to 1951, Stravinsky drew inspiration largely from? Eighteenth-century music. In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style to favor? The twelve-tone system. The deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds is known as? Primitivism. Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) is an example of? Primitivism. Igor Stravinskys Rite of Spring is scored for? An enormous orchestra. The expressionist movement in music and art flourished in the years? 1905-1925. The twentieth-century artistic movement that stressed intense, subjective emotion was called? Expressionism. Expressionism as an artistic movement was largely centered in? Germany and Austria. Which of the following statements is not true? Expressionist artists favored pleasant subjects, delicate pastel colors, and shimmering surfaces. Expressionism is an art concerned with? Social protest. The expressionists rejected? Conventional prettiness. Expressionist composers did what? Avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions. Schoenbergs teacher was? Himself. Alban Berg and Anton Webern were Arnold Schoenbergs? Students. When Schoenberg arrived in the United States after the Nazis seized power in Germany, he obtained a teaching position at? UCLA Schoenberg developed an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called? Sprechstimme. The ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in a twelve-tone composition is called a? Series, tone row, and set. The text of A Survivor from Warsaw was/is? Written by Schoenberg, is partly based on a direct report of a survivor of the Warsaw ghetto, and is set to a kind of speech-singing. A Survivor from Warsaw used three languages: English, German, and? Hebrew. Alban Bergs most famous work is his opera? Wozzeck. Weberns melodic lines are? atomized into two- or three-note fragments. Weberns Five Pieces for Orchestra are scored for? A chamber orchestra of eighteen soloists. A great twentieth-century composer who was also a leading scholar of the folk music of his native land was? Bà ©la Bartà ³k. Bà ©la Bartà ³ks principal performing medium was? The piano. From 1907 to 1934 Bà ©la Bartà ³k taught __________ at the Budapest Academy of Music, and gave recitals throughout Europe. Piano. Bà ©la Bartà ³k was a leading authority on? Peasant music. Bà ©la Bartà ³k evolved a completely individual style that fused folk elements with? Changes of meter and a powerful beat, twentieth-century sounds, and classical forms. While not rejecting any influence, Bà ©la Bartà ³k emphasized that the strongest influence on his music was? Hungarian. While remaining within the framework of a tonal center, Bà ©la Bartà ³k often used _________ in his music. Harsh dissonances, polychords, and tone clusters. Bà ©la Bartà ³ks Concerto for Orchestra is or did what? Is his most popular work, received its title because it was written for an orchestra of virtuosi, and is romantic in spirit because of its emotional intensity, memorable themes, and vivid contrasts of mood.

Why Customers Are Key To Skyrocketing Conversion Rates with Talia Wolf

Why Customers Are Key To Skyrocketing Conversion Rates with Talia Wolf What does marketing look like today? Well, it’s a blend of art and science. It brings together creative visuals and copy with marketing research and analytics. Marketers are now creative creators dressed in lab coats. And, conversion rate optimization (CRO) a system that increases the percentage of visitors to a Website that are converted into customers is a perfect example. Today, we’re talking to Talia Wolf of GetUplift, which offers businesses and entrepreneurs training on how to increase conversions. Talia tells the truth and dispels myths about CRO. She also explains why CRO needs to be more customer centric and what it’s like when done right. CRO is not just about changing elements on a page and hoping for the best; it’s about solving people’s problems and improving the customer’s journey Talia gets into people’s heads because they buy on emotion and then rationalize with different reasons; she focuses on people behind the screen rather than data Emotional Targeting Process: Identifying emotions and getting to know customers better Utilize customer surveys/interviews and competitor analysis; talk to people, ask the right questions, and analyze answers Conversion Psychology: You’re not buying a product, but higher self-esteem and better versions of yourself People browse and search for solutions via Google, then hit Command and open a bunch of tabs; 3 seconds to grab their attention and understand their pain Do groundwork and run meaningful tests on strategies, concepts, or hypothesis Color Psychology: People are influenced by colors in different ways due to their culture, emotions, experience, and more factors Links: GetUplift GetUplift Blog Joanna Wiebe Claire Suellentrop Tiffany daSilva Color Psychology in Marketing Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Talia Wolf: â€Å"My entire goal is driven towards understanding my client’s customers. Getting into their heads, and then creating a better funnel for them, so that they enjoy converting, and you make more money.† â€Å"My take on conversion optimization is it’s not about changing elements on the page, it’s about solving people’s problems.† â€Å"Everything might change on the page, but everything will be working together to make people feel a certain thing to answer a certain question.† â€Å"Without doing the real groundwork, you’re never actually going to achieve those record-breaking results that you’re after.†

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Character Descriptions

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Character Descriptions In William Shakespeares comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream, characters make countless failed attempts to control fate. Many of the male characters, including Egeus, Oberon, and Theseus, are insecure and characterized by a need for female obedience. The female characters also display insecurity, but resist obeying their male counterparts. These differences emphasize the plays central theme of order versus chaos. Hermia Hermia is a feisty, confident young woman from Athens. She is in love with a man named Lysander, but her father, Egeus, commands her to marry Demetrius instead. Hermia refuses, confidently opposing her father. Despite her self-possession, Hermia is still affected by the whims of fate during the play. Notably, Hermia loses her confidence when Lysander, who is bewitched by a love potion, abandons her in favor of her friend Helena. Hermia also has insecurities, particularly her short stature in contrast to the taller Helena. At one point, she becomes so jealous that she challenges Helena to a fight. Nevertheless, Hermia shows respect for the rules of propriety, as when she insists that her beloved, Lysander, sleep apart from her. Helena Helena is a young woman from Athens and a friend of Hermia. She was betrothed to Demetrius until he left her for Hermia, and she remains desperately in love with him. During the play, both Demetrius and Lysander fall in love with Helena as a result of the love potion. This event reveals the depth of Helena’s inferiority complex. Helena cannot believe both men are actually in love with her; instead, she assumes they are mocking her. When Hermia challenges Helena to a fight, Helena implies that her own fearfulness is an attractive maidenly attribute; however, she also admits that she inhabits a stereotypically masculine role by pursuing Demetrius. Like Hermia, Helena is aware of proprietys rules but willing to break them in order to achieve her romantic goals. Lysander Lysander is a young man from Athens who is in love with Hermia at the start of the play. Egeus, Hermias father, accuses Lysander of â€Å"bewitching the bosom of [his] child† and ignoring that Hermia is betrothed to another man. Despite Lysanders alleged devotion to Hermia, he is no match for Pucks magic love potion. Puck accidentally applies the potion to Lysanders eyes, and as a result Lysander abandons his original love and falls in love with Helena. Lysander is eager to prove himself for Helena and is willing to duel Demetrius for her love. Demetrius Demetrius, a young man from Athens, was previously betrothed to Helena but abandoned her in order to pursue Hermia. He can be brash, rude, and even violent, as when he insults and threatens Helena and provokes Lysander into a duel. Demetrius did originally love Helena, and by the end of the play, he loves her once again, resulting in a harmonious ending. However, it is notable that Demetrius love is rekindled only by magic. Puck Puck is Oberon’s mischievous and merry jester. Technically, he is Oberon’s servant, but he is both unable and unwilling to obey his master. Puck represents the forces of chaos and disorder, challenging the ability of humans and fairies to enact their will. Indeed, Puck himself is no match for the force of chaos. His attempt to use a magic love potion to help Hermia, Helena, Demetrius, and Lysander achieve romantic harmony leads to the central misunderstandings of the play. When he tries to undo his mistake, he causes even greater chaos. Pucks failed attempts to control fate bring about much of the action of the play. Oberon Oberon is the king of the fairies. After witnessing Demetrius’ poor treatment of Helena, Oberon orders Puck to repair the situation through the use of a love potion. In this way, Oberon shows kindness, but he is . He demands obedience from his wife, Titania, and he expresses furious jealousy over Titanias adoption of and love for a young changeling boy. When Titania refuses to give up the boy, Oberon orders Puck to make Titania fall in love with an animal- all because he wishes to embarrass Titania into obedience. Thus, Oberon shows himself to be vulnerable to the same insecurities that provoke the human characters into action. Titania Titania is the queen of the fairies. She recently returned from a trip to India, where she adopted a young changeling boy whose mother died in childbirth. Titania adores the boy and lavishes attention on him, which makes Oberon jealous. When Oberon orders Titania to give up the boy, she refuses, but she is no match for the magic love spell that makes her falls in love with the donkey-headed Bottom. Although we do not witness Titanias eventual decision to hand over the boy, Oberon reports that Titania did so. Theseus Theseus is the king of Athens and a force of order and justice. At the beginning of the play, Theseus recalls his defeat of the Amazons, a society of warlike women who traditionally represent a threat to patriarchal society. Theseus takes pride in his strength. He tells Queen Hippolyta of the Amazons that he â€Å"woo’d [her] with the sword,† erasing Hippolytas claim to masculine power. Theseus only appears at the beginning and end of the play; however, as king of Athens, he is the counterpart of Oberon, reinforcing the contrast between human and fairy, reason and emotion, and ultimately, order and chaos. This balance is investigated and critiqued throughout the play. Hippolyta Hippolyta is the queen of the Amazons and Theseus’ bride. The Amazons are a powerful tribe led by fearsome women warriors, and as their queen, Hippolyta represents a threat to the patriarchal society of Athens. When we first meet Hippolyta, the Amazons have been defeated by Theseus, and the play begins with the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta, an event that represents the victory of order (patriarchal society) over chaos (the Amazons). However, that sense of order is immediately challenged by Hermia’s subsequent disobedience to her father. Egeus Egeus is Hermia’s father. At the start of the play, Egeus is enraged that his daughter will not obey his wishes to marry Demetrius. He turns to King Theseus, encouraging Theseus to invoke the law that a daughter must marry her father’s choice of husband, at penalty of death. Egeus is a demanding father who prioritizes his daughters obedience over his own life. Like many of the plays other characters, Egeus insecurities drive the action of the play. He attempts to connect his perhaps uncontrollable emotions with the orderliness of law, but this reliance on law makes him an inhumane father. Bottom Perhaps the most foolish of the players, Nick Bottom gets wrapped up in the drama between Oberon and Titania. Puck chooses Bottom as the object of Titanias magic-induced love, as per Oberon’s order that she fall in love with an animal of the forest to embarrass her into obedience. Puck mischievously turns his head into that of a donkey, as he decides Bottom’s name alludes to an ass. Players The group of traveling players includes Peter Quince, Nick Bottom, Francis Flute, Robin Starveling, Tom Snout, and Snug. They rehearse the play Pyramus and Thisbe in the woods outside Athens, hoping to perform it for the king’s upcoming wedding. At the end of the play, they give the performance, but they are so foolish and their performance so absurd that the tragedy ends up coming off as a comedy.

Precis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Precis - Article Example From the reports, the powerful hurricane caused extensive destruction to communities3. This revealed the inadequacies in federal, state and local preparedness for response to such events. The implication of this surprised many people because of the difficulty that the world’s richest and most powerful nation experienced in effectively managing a disaster that its occurrence had been predicted4. It is also true that predominant international communities were generous and were involved in donations and offers of aid in order to support such devastation. The failure to manage an event predicted accordingly is satire of the US government diplomacy disaster management5. This has generated various forms of conflict worldwide. Therefore the Katrina case study provides an opportunity for examining how disaster –related activities can or cannot yield diplomatic gains6. This induces an international cooperation among countries that have traditionally been

Exercise assignments Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Exercise assignments - Coursework Example It asserts that if possible then an action should be morally sufficient if it maximizes one’s self interests. Ethical egoism might also apply to things other than acts, such as rules or character traits. Psychological egoism has to components, strong and weak component. The strong part of egoism alludes that human beings ever act in their own self-interest. That is to say that they are forced to do so by their own psychology. On other side the weak form part of it argues that human beings always and occasionally act in their own self-interest. None of the two forms of Psychological egoism can stand its own to define what egoism is. For example if the strong form would be accepted, then it means that people should not be told on the right thing to do since they are controlled by their instinct. On the other hand if the weak form of it is to be used, that would mean that people should continue behaving the way they are behaving which cannot be proved. Psychological egoism fails to refute morality or to provide a foundation for ethical egoism because everyone always does what they do and it cannot be justifiable by information about their human conduct. Psychological egoism in its stro ng form alone would destroy all morality and is lacking both in evidence and in logic. â€Å"Individual ethical egoism†, states that people should always act for my â€Å"own† best self-interest while â€Å"Personal ethical egoism†, states that I should behave in â€Å"my own† self-interest, but be mindless about what everyone does. The problem with these forms is that it acts towards one individual and cannot be applied for all humanity in general. Universal ethical egoism is the most commonly held form of ethical egoism because it considers all humanity. It does not only talk about what an individual should consider doing but also is concerned with what all human beings should do for morality principles. However the

Effects Of Cramming For Examinations Education Essay

Effects Of Cramming For Examinations Education Essay Cramming is an ineffective learning strategy adopted by a majority of students in higher educational institutes because it causes negative psychological and physical effects. R.Sommer (1968) defined cramming as a period of neglect of study followed by a concentrated burst of studying immediately before an exam (p. 104). In this definition, concentrated burst of studying refers to a study strategy which involve studying for consecutive hours with or without short rest on the eve of examinations. Cramming or massed practice is, therefore, an intensive and quick study of subject contents for the sole purpose of passing examinations. Students who procrastinate by habits are more likely to delay tests preparation and indulge in valueless cramming. The purpose of this paper is to address the widespread practice of cramming and its ineffectiveness with regards to its negative effects on students. Researchers in the field of psychology and education have argued for decades on the goals of education and students learning experiences. In todays complex and challenging environments, change is imperative. P. Ramsden (1998) argued that learning is interpreting and understanding of reality in a different way to facilitate a student to comprehend the world by reinterpreting knowledge. Learning by students should be viewed as a constructive, self-regulated and goal-oriented individual process so that they can construct meanings from knowledge (de Corte, 2000, p. 254). Towards this end, graduate students are expected to have developed a fair expertise in critical thinking skills to help them adapt to participate in economic, political and scientific issues of the world. Educational pedagogy must enable students to analyze, theorize and intellectually engage with each other and with the world around them. Despite teachers repeated intervention to teach students appropriate learning stra tegies, most students still widely adopt surface learning approaches to learning in contrast to deep learning approach. P.Ramsden in his book, Learning to Lead in Higher Education (1998), has described surface approaches lead at best to the ability to retain unrelated details, often for a short period. They are related to lower levels of academic performance and more limited development of generic skills (p. 48). Such kind of approach entails the use of rote-memorization, chunking of factual knowledge, an inability to understand context from a deeper perspective, learning to achieve a minimal pass in the examinations and most importantly, students are driven by extrinsic motivation to achieve passing grades and obtain qualifications. The question arises: why do educational psychologists and teachers encourage students to take up a deep learning approach for examination purpose? The next part of this paper contains a discussion of the question and highlights the negative effects of c ramming for examinations. Todays observation of societies around the world reflects a dearth of intellectual persons with true and acquired individuality. The societies around us reflect individuals who are not faithful or devoted to their administrative tasks whether as public servants or politicians of a country. Harold E.Gorst in his book, The Curse of Education (1901), implicitly stated that progress means development of ideas and mediocre individuals do not engage in such ideas which are progressive to a country. He further states that as long as education is synonymous with cramming on an organized plan, it will continue to produce mediocrity (p. 6). Gorsts statement resonates the fact that cramming or the vast accumulation of factual and superficial knowledge, which has been forced upon the students, are partly the results of improper teaching, learning and assessment methods (examinations) of educational systems and partly the results of students learning strategies. Consequently, the achievement outc ome of such educational systems which crams students to follow rigid pedagogical approach is at a higher level but it produces the biggest ill effect of this type of cramming system of education: the failure of adequate personality and intellectual development of students who are capable of thinking for themselves as well graduates who regard the goal of learning as a process in itself and an end product. Such students outshine in the knowledge domain only, but their cognitive domains (intellectual reasoning) along with his affective domains (concepts of self esteem, emotional development) are rapidly halted. In order to understand what is learning, it is very important to view learning in its specific contexts. For example, in the early systems of Japan and Hong Kong, learning was viewed as a process to attain knowledge and then an assessment of the knowledge. With an end to the learning process, the whole ensured meaning of learning was lost. In these countries, educational systems were dictated by higher authorities as a means to deliver fast paced teaching and to prepare students for higher education entrance examinations. The result was that competitive examinations were seen by junior and high school students as a measure to show their knowledge, memory and problem-solving skills rather than their intellectual reasoning and capacity building skills. However, still today, most parents and students in Taiwan still believe cram schooling have positive effects on students learning achievement (Chen, S.Y. Lu, L. 2009). But the same study concludes that the time spent in cram schools neg atively affected the psychological well being of students and made them prone to depressive symptoms. The next part of the paper concentrates on the negative impacts of cramming on those students who cram by choice rather than necessity. Students who cram out of choice and habits are usually adept at the art of cramming and often pass their examinations. They have come to envisage the purpose of education to attain knowledge through learning of subject content. The aim is targeted towards attaining only extrinsic rewards: achieving good grades and qualifications. Driven by extrinsic motivation, with a surface approach to memorizing factual knowledge in the spurt of hours before examinations, these students are putting themselves into states of sleep deprivation and stress disorders. Students claim that they recall materials better when learnt hours prior to examinations and feel less stressed. But, according to a research published in the newsletter, Monitor on Psychology (2001) of American Psychological Association, lack of sufficient sleep is a widespread problem among teens and adolescents are at high risk for cognitive and emotional difficulties, poor school performance, accidents and psychopathology. Several sci entific researches has also concluded that young people need adequate amount of sleep and resting periods to allow regeneration of the brain cells called neurons. Continued exertion of the brain leads to lesser regeneration of new memories and decreased brain activities in the cerebral cortex, the part of brain responsible for cognitive functioning. Limited cognitive abilities lead to poor memory retention, concentration and attention to details (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2007). From these evidences, lack of sleep and intense brain activities without rest causes fatigue and stress in these students. Stress can produce a long term effect which causes many students to develop further psychological and behavioural disorders ranging from anxiety, guilt and attention deficit disorders to patterns of irritability and aggression. Contrary to these research findings, students who cram often become adept at it, and use these strategies over again with few changes in their habits. Therefore, it is very crucial to raise awareness of the negative effects of massed practice on sleep patterns, stress and physiological derangement in the forms of chronic diabetes, obesity and hormones disturbance. Moreover, psychologists are in agreement, that spaced or distributed practice over consecutive days to achieve learning is more beneficial in terms of the physical and psychological well being of students. Conclusion The preceding parts of the paper have provided evidences of the negative effects of cramming on students. The goal of education and learning is in complete contrast to the outcomes produced by cramming practice. It is fair to assume that students, who adopt surface learning strategies with a cynical view of education, cannot get far in terms of longevity since his intellectual and psychological development is incomplete. Being equipped with an extrinsic motivation to performance, the need of todays times is for graduates to learn continuously with intrinsically driven motives. In view of the ill-effects of cramming, it can be fairly said that cramming is an ineffective learning strategy, and produces mediocre individuals.

British Monarchy and comparison with Turkey

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy. In practice, it is a democracy operating by a parliament system (a system in which supreme authority is held by the legislature) under a figurehead sovereign who â€Å"reigns but does not rule. † The British parliament system, with a head of state who is not the head of government, has been a model for many other countries. Wales and England (excluding Greater London) are divided into counties and metropolitan counties, which are heavily populated areas. All counties are subdivided into districts.Each county and district has an elected council (Coleman, 2006). A government reorganization, effective in 1974, greatly reduced the number of local administrative units and redrew county boundaries. Thesis Statement: This study scrutinizes the differences and similarities between British monarchy and the government system of Turkey; thus, it also figures out the differences between c onstitutional monarchy and republic and gives idea of what absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy are. II. Discussion A. Differences and Similarities o British Monarchy Constitution.The British constitution is not to be found in any single written document. It is a body of rules consisting partly of written material and partly of established principles and practices known as conventions. It includes historic documents such as Magna Charta, the Petition of Right 91628), and the Bill of Rights (1689). It includes certain basic statutes (laws). And it includes rules established by common law (Winter, 2003). Rules of the constitution can be changed only by an act of parliament or through establishment of a new convention by usage and general acceptance.Composition of Government. Parliament, although supreme, governs in the name of the Crown (monarch). There are three organs of government—legislature, executive, and judiciary. ? The legislature consists of the two house o f Parliament and the Queen (whose formal assent must be given before a bill becomes a law). ? The executive consists of the cabinet and other ministers (officials) of the Crown; administrative departments staffed by Civil Service employees and usually headed by ministers; local authorities; and boards created by statute to operate various industries and services.The Queen is formally the head of the executive body. The ministry, representing the political party in control of Parliament, is called Her Majesty’s government or the government (Crowl, 2002). ? The judiciary, of which the Queen is nominally the head, is independent of both the legislature and the executive. Crown. The inheritance of the throne goes to the eldest son and his heirs, or if there is no son the eldest daughter and her heirs, or if there are no children to the eldest brother and his heirs. Elizabeth II succeeded her father, George VI, in 1952.The Queen acts in governmental matters only on the advice of h er ministers, and by convention may not refuse to act on such advice. Not only her approval but her participation is required in the conduct of government. She summons and dissolves Parliament, approve bills, and signs state papers. She approves the appointment of all ministers of the Crown and gives her consent to the formation of a cabinet. In doing so, she sometimes has a choice in selecting a new prime minister. In consulting with her ministers she may exercise some influence over policy (Morgan, 2004).Because of the sovereign’s central role in the function of government, British law provides for the appointment of a regent to act in the event that the sovereign is unable to perform the responsibilities of the Crown. As formal head of the British Commonwealth of Nations, the Queen is the symbol of Commonwealth unity. In addition to her roles in government, she is head of the armed forces and temporal head of the Church of England. The Privy Council assist the Queen in iss uing Orders in Council and royal proclamations. It is largely an honorary body that acts on decisions made by ministers or Parliament.It is composed of all cabinet members and more than 300 eminent persons selected, for life, by the Queen upon the recommendation of the prime minister. Parliament. The upper house of Parliament is the House of Lords, in which membership is hereditary or by appointment; the lower is the House of Commons, an elective body. ? The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, consisting of royal princes (who take no active role), hereditary peers and peeresses, spiritual lords (archbishops and senior bishops of the Church of England), and life by the Queen upon the recommendation of the prime minister).The life peers include Lords of Appeal, jurists who serve as justices when the House functions as a court of appeal (Crowl, 2002). All hereditary Scottish peers are entitled to seats in the house of lords, but Irish peers ate excluded unless they hold peerage s of Great Britain or the United Kingdom. Only about 150 members actually attend. The House of Lords has limited power. It can neither reject nor amend legislation dealing with finances, but can delay other kinds of legislation for one year. The House of Lords thus serves as a check on hasty action by the Commons. Members of the House of Commons, called members of Parliament (M.P. ’s) are elected by universal adult suffrage. Parliament cannot sit indefinitely, but must be dissolved at least once every five years. General elections are called after it is dissolved (Coleman, 2006). The prime minister is responsible for determining when a general election is held and may call for one at any time within the five-year period. One member is elected from each of 635 constituencies (electoral districts determined by population). A member does not have to live in the constituency from which he is elected. A by-election is held within an individual constituency when a vacancy occurs (R andle, 2001).The political party or coalition of parties holding the majority of seats in the House of Commons provides the prime minister, usually the acknowledged party leader. The prime minister chooses the other ministers of the Crown and designates certain ones to be members of the cabinet. A small number of ministers are taken from the House of Lords, the majority from the Commons. The largest minority party in the House of Commons leads the official Opposition. The House of Commons normally adopts the bills proposed by the government and affirms its program.However, if the government follows a course displeasing to the House of Commons, a vote of confidence is taken (Randle, 2001). If it is negative, the government must resign. Generally, Parliament is then dissolved and a general election is held. The Cabinet and the Ministry. Under the leadership of the prime minister, the cabinet and the ministry perform the executive functions in the British government. The cabinet is com posed of the most important ministers, usually not more than 20. The ministry includes all heads of administrative departments.Some are known as secretaries of state, some as ministers, and some by special titles, such as the Chancellor of the Exchequer. There are also ministers who are not department heads. Other members of the ministry are the Lord Chancellor and law officers (Morgan, 2004), deputy ministers known as ministers of state, and junior ministers known as parliamentary secretaries or undersecretaries of state. Judicial System. The House of Lords is the highest court of appeal for civil cases and for certain criminal cases. The Supreme Court of Judicature, composed of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, deals with important civil cases.Minor cases are tried in county courts. Criminal cases may be appealed to the Court of Criminal Appeal, after being tried in assize courts or magistrates’ courts (Morgan, 2004). Trial by jury is used for all but minor crimes. Administration of the judicial system is shared by the Lord Chancellor and the home secretary, both members of the cabinet. Defense. The three branches of British armed forces are the army, the Royal Air Force, and the Royal Navy (which includes the Royal marines). Civilian control is exercised by the secretaries of state of war and air and the first lord of the admiralty (Randle, 2001).All three are responsible to the minister of defense, a member of the cabinet. o Turkey The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed in 1923, with Kemal Atturk as its first president. Far-reaching political, social, and economic reforms were put into effect. Ataturk abolished the sultanate and later exiled all Ottoman heirs. He did away with old traditions associated with the empire—men could no longer wear the fez (a hat), nor women the veil. Women were given political and civil rights equal to those of men. Church and state were separated (Spencer, 2003) , and the property of the mosques n ationalized.Universal education and a new law code were introduced. When many of these changes were not accepted by the people, Ataturk assumed unlimited dictatorial powers. After his death in 1938, the premier, Ismet Inonu, was elected president. By the Montreux Cinvention of 1936, Turkey was given the right to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits. Treaties of alliance were signed with Great Britain and France in 1939. During World War II, Turkey remained neutral until 1944, when it broke relations with Germany (Weiker, 2001). The following year, it declared war on Germany and Japan. Government.Turkey has been a republic since 1923 as mentioned earlier. Under the constitution to the Third Republic (1982), executive power is vested in the president, legislative power in the National Assembly, and judicial power in independent course. The president (head of state) is chosen by the national Assembly for a seven-year term. He is assisted by a state advisory council, composed of former presidents and military chiefs of staff. From among the national Assembly (Hale, 2001), the president appoints a prime minister (head of government0, who in turn selects the other ministers to form the Council of Ministers (cabinet).The national Assembly is composed of 450 deputies popularly elected for five-year terms. The president has the power to dissolve the national Assembly and rule under emergency powers. The judicial system consists of civil, administrative, military, and constitutional courts. The regular civil courts include courts of first instance (courts having original jurisdiction), central criminal courts, and commercial courts. The highest tribunal is the court of cassation, which is a court of appeals (Weiker, 2001). Local Government. Turkey is divided into 67 administrative divisions it calls ils, each named for its chief city.An il is subdivided into ilces, and these in turn into bucaks. At the head of each il are a governor, representing the central gov ernment, and an elected council. Military Affairs. Turkey maintains a regular army, navy, and air force. In addition, there is the Jandarma, a rural police force. Military service is compulsory for all men after the age of 20 for a 20-month period. B. Difference of absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy and republic. Absolute monarchy pertains to the absolute power of the king or queen as the ruler of the country.The power has bestowed in him/her to do the things he/she wishes to do. On the other hand, constitutional monarchy is under the ruling of the king however it’s accompanied with the constitution. The king or queen cannot decide for himself/herself or make any moves which are not written under the constitution (Bogdanor, 1997). Every decision should be in line in the constitution of the said country. When we say republic, it pertains to a country in which both the head of the state and the members of the legislature are elected directly or indirectly by the people. Most of the nations of the world today, including the United States and the Soviet Union, are republics. The rest, in most instances, are monarchies, in which the head of the state (a king, queen, or prince) comes into office through inheritance. III. Conclusion In conclusion, many people are not happy under these kinds of monarchies because they don’t see the function of the royal families anymore. People are all feed up and see that monarchies are a way of showing selfishness to power because only the blood line of the king or queen can inherit the throne and not giving a chance to others.In 1980 in Turkey, after renewed violence between political factions, the armed forces seized control of the government, disbanded parliament, suspended the constitution, and established a ruling junta of military officers. Within two year, the junta achieved political stability and eased some of the coutnry’s economic difficulties. Reference: 1. Bogdanor, Vernon (1997). The Monarch y and the Constitution. Clarendon Press. : Oxford. 2. Coleman, Francis (2006). Great Britain: the Land and Its People (MacDonald). 3. Crowl, P. A. (2002). The Intelligent Traveler’s Guide to Historic Britain (St.Martin’s Press). 4. Hale, William (2001). The Political and Economic Development of Modern Turkey (St. Martin’s Press). 5. Morgan, K. O. (2004). The oxford Illustrated History of Britain (Oxford University). 6. Randle, John. (2001). Understanding Britain: a History of the British People and Their Culture (Basil Blackwell). 7. Spencer, William (2003). The Land and People of Turkey, revised edition (Harper & Row). 8. Weiker, W. F. (2001). The Modernization of Turkey: from Ataturk to the present Day (Holmes & Meier). 9. Winter, Gordon (2003). The Country Life Picture Book of Britain (Norton